1

Paste your data

Copy from Excel or Google Sheets and paste here (tab or space separated)

The box holds example data (5 items × 5 respondents) — paste yours over it.

Tab-separated (Excel) and space-separated both work

2

Include / exclude items

Toggle an item to see its effect on alpha

σ²=1.360-0.017 if removed
σ²=1.840-0.014 if removed
σ²=1.360-0.017 if removed
σ²=1.200+0.008 if removed
σ²=1.840-0.014 if removed

🔴 High variance = the item's variance is more than 1.5 × the average variance of the selected items. Worth checking.

3

Result

Cronbach's Alpha (α)

0.9553
Excellent

Details

Items selected (K) 5
Respondents (N) 5
Sum of item variances (Σσ²ᵢ) 7.6000
Total score variance (σ²ₓ) 32.2400

Interpretation

Excellent. Alpha is in the Excellent range — the items are highly consistent with one another.

Text for your report (Chapter 3)

The questionnaire was pilot-tested with 5 respondents whose characteristics were similar to the target population. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (Cronbach, 1951), which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.955. As this exceeds the commonly accepted threshold of 0.70, the questionnaire was considered reliable and suitable for the main data collection.

Reference list entry

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.

ⓘ This free tool helps with a first calculation. Khontob does not guarantee the results or any outcome of using them. Before using them in your research, please check them against the original software or textbook and with your advisor.